The bilingual advantage has also been evidenced in studies that examined performance on nonlinguistic and linguistic inhibition tasks presented in the auditory modality ( Bialystok & DePape, 2009 Soveri et al., 2011). This skill then translates to greater cognitive control on nonlinguistic visual tasks that require the suppression of distracting information. The authors contended that the regular use of two languages requires that bilinguals control their attention and select the target language. ![]() Results showed that bilingualism was related to inhibition of irrelevant information with a large mean effect size of 0.96, averaged across the 14 studies. Fourteen of these studies specifically measured inhibition and attentional control using nonlinguistic visual tasks. (2010) found that bilingualism is associated with several cognitive outcomes, including increased inhibitory control, as well as better working memory, metalinguistic awareness, and abstract and symbolic representation skills compared to monolinguals. ![]() In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 63 studies examining the cognitive correlates of bilingualism, Adesope et al. Indeed, this advantage has been evidenced in numerous studies, which show that bilinguals have better performance on various tasks that require executive processing abilities, particularly inhibition and interference control, compared to their monolingual counterparts ( Adesope et al., 2010 Bialystok et al., 2004, 2008, 2012 Costa et al., 2008 Friesen et al., 2015). It has been suggested that the lifelong practice that bilinguals receive from managing their two language systems may lead to a general enhancement in cognitive control mechanisms. ![]() During conversation, a bilingual must select one of their languages for use, activate that language, and inhibit their other language, all while simultaneously distinguishing irrelevant versus relevant linguistic information. Fluent bilinguals have extensive experience in the daily use and management of their two language systems.
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